Strategic Planning Ford Motor Company

Strategic Management process Strategic management process encompasses other planning processes such as the strategic planning as well as the human resources planning. In essence, strategic management processes necessitate all the tactical arrangements and the ability of the organization to execute the strategies (Aaker, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Planning: Ford Motor Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Specifically, strategic management process is the practice of making out and implementing the tactical policies of an organization. During the process, the company competencies and capabilities must correspond to the environmental needs. The strategic management process begins from defining the current business and its mission to the evaluation process where the company performance is assessed against the strategies. Specifically, the strategic management process involves executing the pl ans and evaluating the performance or outcome against the planned strategies (Aaker, 2001). In the planning cycle, strategic execution and strategic evaluation are always the last steps. Essentially, strategic management process involves the execution of strategic planning process and the evaluation of the strategic performance. The role of the planning cycle As indicated, the strategic management process encompasses various steps that involve the strategic planning process. Strategic planning process includes various steps ranging from defining the current situation of the business according to its mission to formulating the strategies to attain the strategic goals (Aaker, 2001). The strategic planning process involves five steps, which is referred to as the planning cycle. As mentioned, the first step in the planning cycle is to identify the business and align it with its mission. The second step involves evaluating the business through the application of its internal strengths an d weaknesses as well as the threats and opportunities that come from external sources. The third process is devising the novel business statements. Fourth process involves transforming the business mission into tactical objectives. The last step in the planning process is the implementation of the tactical objectives. In the simplest sense, the planning cycle helps businesses or firms identify their current position and forecast achievable goals through formulated strategies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategic management process and the way companies maintain sustainable competitive advantage As mentioned, strategic management process involves tactical planning process, implementation of the strategies and the evaluation of the strategies. The company gauges these processes against environmental demands to achieve the competitive advantage (Aaker, 2001). In the first step of the planning process, firms have to choose the path on which it will compete. In other words, the company has to decide the type of product or service it will bring into the market, how to differentiate its product or service and the place to sell the product. In essence, the company evaluates its current position and the kind of business to be involved in given their strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. Managers, through the application of the company mission, formulate the strategic actions that would enable the company attain its objectives. In the second step of the planning process, the company performs detailed audit of its internal strengths and weaknesses, the threats that the firm faces from external environment and the opportunities the external environment brings to the firm. The strategic internal and external audit is facilitated by the application of SWOT analysis. Based on this situation analysis, managers formulate novel business mission statement that ca pture the new form of business in terms of the type of product to sell, the geographical location in which it will sell the products and how the product will be differentiated. The mission is transformed into strategic goals. In other words, the mission has to be translated into achievable objectives that all employees and various departments of the company understand. The mission statement has to be transformed into ways through which the products and services are made to satisfy the demands of the customers. To sustain its competitive advantage, the company mission has to be translated into strategic goals that are geared towards creating and enhancing the shareholders value, sustaining the higher rate of returns through strong balance sheets and maintaining high quality products that satisfy the needs of the customers. The final stage in the planning process is where the firms come up with strategies that will enable it attain the strategic goals. Based on the above processes, th e strategy is the plans of action that will enable the business achieve the set objectives. The last step to attain the competitive advantage is the implementation of the strategies and evaluating the performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Planning: Ford Motor Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, Ford Motor Company has been faced with huge losses and decreasing share in the market. The company has been losing market share to its rivals such as Toyota and Nissan. The reason is that its costs were higher than the competitors hence cannot stand the fierce competition in the market. To overcome its problems, Ford Motor Company adopted a strategic plan that entailed cost reduction approaches such as closing some of its plants and terminating most of the employees. In the strategic plan, the company evaluated the internal strong points as well as limitations and matched them with corr esponding external prospects and pressures to improve its competitiveness in the market. The role of microeconomics in creating a sustainable competitive advantage Companies use microeconomic concepts to evaluate the environmental needs (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2005). For instance, the concept of consumption is critical in evaluating the demand. The consumer theory is also important in examining the way consumers behave in the market. Understanding the behavior of consumers as well as other components of environment is important in sustaining competitive advantage. References Aaker, D. (2001). Developing business strategies. NY: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Pindyck, R. Rubinfeld, D. (2005). Microeconomics. Web. This essay on Strategic Planning: Ford Motor Company was written and submitted by user Leila Hardy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Contributions of Marcus Garvey.

The Contributions of Marcus Garvey. There were many important people of the Harlem Renaissance. Aside from such renowned individuals such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, people are not aware of the many other influential people from the racial segregation time period. Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr., born August 17th 1887, also known as the "Black Moses" is one of those leaders most people are unaware of. It is a shame because he was a great man and through his actions, his beliefs, and the man he was he made many contributions to the Harlem Renaissance.Jamaican and US black nationalist leader. In 1914 Marcus Garvey along with Amy Ashwood founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). After moving to the United States in 1916, he established branches of the UNIA in New York's Harlem and many other ghettos all over the country. Garvey was black and he was proud of it. By 1919 the rising "Black Moses" claimed to have an enormous amount of followers at about 2 million.Marcus Garvey Park in Harlem, Manhatta n, NYC, NY, ...It was to these people Garvey spoke of a "new Negro," proud of being black. His newspaper Negro World, which was in circulation from 1919 to 1933 ("Encyclopedia of Black..." pg.342), stressed and believed, an independent black economy could exist within the framework of white capitalism. Garvey was one of the main people in establishing black-run businesses, one of which was the Black Star shipping line ("Marcus Garvey Timeline" pg.2). In 1920 he convened an international convention to unify blacks and encourage trade between Africa and the US. On September 10th, 1919 the British colonial secretary authorized the West Indian governments to introduce legislation to suppress The Negro World and other publications considered seditious. However all of Garvey's influence and power was shattered by accusations of mail fraud. Shortly thereafter Garvey was shot and...

Contemporary Media's Representation of Philosophies, Ideologies, and PowerPoint Presentation

Contemporary Media's Representation of Philosophies, Ideologies, and Theories - PowerPoint Presentation Example With the help of Jim Gordon, Batman and the District Attorney Harvey Dent set out to eliminate the criminal infrastructure that is operating out of the streets. Despite a strong partnership between the two, they find themselves fighting against a reign of chaos that has been unleashed by a rising mastermind in the criminal world, who is known amongst the terrorized people as ‘The Joker’. From the very beginning, the joker succeeds in showing to the world, a horrifying version of evil where all morality is shredded to dust and replaced with lawlessness and hatred. Others associated with the criminals have long been gone, but the name of the Joker remains in the minds of the people especially due to the ambiguity and glamour with which his evil comes with. One could not rely on virtually anything he said and he relishes at the ease with which he gets people including Dent to break rules. He enjoys destroying the people and civic society simply for the sake of witnessing evil. What is good and truth? Why do good guys need to play by the rules when others don’t? these are some of the questions that beg for an answer from this movie, which set it apart as something that has a deeper impact on the viewer than regular action movies. If one were to ask about the ideal way to select and watch a movie, then the Dark Knight would come to be the first option. Many a times, we question the fact that yes, a movie can be quite entertaining, but what message did it help convey to us? The Dark knight has pulled off the trick by attempting to answer major issues connected to morality and has at the same time made every effort to entertain the viewer. The movie has tried to provide answers to three varying answers to our concerns over what is good and the way people should live in a society. The first way of living is according to the path chosen by the Joker i.e., a world sans rules, where all that matters is power and where society is

Self. Consciousness and awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self. Consciousness and awareness - Essay Example ?a thinking intelligent Being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider it self as it self, the same thinking thing in different times and places† (Locke, 9). Locke states that as far as the consciousness can be extended to some past action or thought, so far can the identity of the person reach – therefore he correlates identity of a person with his consciousness. It is clear that John Locke makes a distinction between body and consciousness (â€Å"a man† and â€Å"a person†). For him these two notions are not the same. Man accounts for body and spirit, and person accounts for reason and reflection. Locke says that if a person would remember some things from his past, he would not be the same person, but nevertheless can be the same man. A big role is played by memory in Locke’s idea of personal identity. To explain his theory about separation of man and person, Locke gives a few examples. He states, for example, that if a prince and a cobbler would change bodies than a personal identity would be where the consciousness is. Another example is if Heliogabalus would turn into a pig, he would be the same person, but not a man. If a parrot holds rational, self-aware conversations, then he is a person, but not a man. These examples confirm Locke’s theory on separation of body and self. (Locke, 8, 15) Locke believes that if the body dies, the self is transferred into a new body, but it remains the same self, and therefore – the same identity, because identity, according to Locke, is independent of body. Locke does not identify consciousness with substance. He gives an example of a hand, being cut off the body. At that point, it becomes separate from the body, the substance of the body has changed (it does not have one hand anymore), but the consciousness did not change, and this is the same person (Locke, 11) John Locke states that consciousness unites actions into the same person. It is consciousness that unites actions different in time into the

Second Chance Holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Second Chance Holidays - Essay Example This research methodology is used in fields such as women's studies, education, management studies, and human services studies and so on and the results of this research are conclusive in nature. Quantitative research is a type of research methodology which makes use of the data collected on a particular subject of research to understand the subject. It is a systematic process, the objective of which is to develop and use mathematical models, theories and hypothesis on the subject of study. In doing so it looks into the quantitative properties of the subject being researched and the relationship between each to come to a conclusion. Quantitative research make use of models theories and hypothesis, requires the collection of empirical data and the variables of the data collected at manipulated to find out various results. The use of both qualitative research and quantitative research is necessary to understand the behavior and reposes of the niche market (Luxury cruise for the affluent), to which the company want to cater to and gain a foothold. The determinants of exploratory research are the behavior and responses of the subjects of the research and theirs motive and decision-making process. ... ical research is a type of research methodology which brings out the features or characteristics of the people or phenomenon which is the subject of the research. It is used to determine answers to who, what, where, when and how. Descriptive research is used mainly in calculating frequencies and averages and in making statistical calculations; however, it is not useful in making an analysis whereby causal relationship can be created to understanding the process of how one variable affects another in the relationship in order to draw conclusion. Exploratory research is a type of research methodology which is used to clarify a particular situation because the situation is not defined properly. The process of exploratory research will involve collecting data through methods such as review of existing data or literature, use of discussion, conducting interviews and formation of focus groups, use of projective methods, case studies or pilot studies to gather information on the subject of research. The results of qualitative research gives answers to "why", "how" and "when" something occurs, but it cannot give answers to "how often" or "how many", on the topic of research. Definition of focus group research Focus group research/study is a qualitative market research tool, in which a group of people are brought together to carry out a discussions on a particular topic for research for find out more information of the topic and use the information to give solution to a particular problem at hand. In the marketing scenario, focus groups enable an organization which wants to develop, package, name, or test market a new product, to make a through analysis of the topic before it is made available to the public Benefits and drawbacks of focus group research There are many

Report of Environmental and Palaeoclimatic Changes

Report of Environmental and Palaeoclimatic Changes A multi-proxy report of environmental and palaeoclimatic changes.   Introduction The question as to whether peat stratigraphy could be used as an archive of past climate change was unresolved in the 1970’s (Aaby, 1976). Peats where used as sedimentary archives from which only pollen could be extracted. However, it was long believed that peats growth was cyclical. Due too scientific advances within theories and techniques peat can now be used to derive many variables that are inherent within the structure of peat bogs and hence the study of peat embodies a library of characteristics that show different variables through-time, relevant to climate changes. Peat can be accurately used to reconstruct past climatic conditions. This is shown through changes in colour from lighter to darker which indicates wetter or drier shifts (Barber et al, 2000). When observed the colours within peat can indicate the composition of what climactic variables were during its accumulation. A lighter coloured peat would be associated to an environment cooler in temperature with more precipitation and darker peat with more high percentage of organic material present and would show a warmer climate with less precipitation (Chiverrell, 2001). Additionally, due to the absence of Oxygen within waterlogged peat bogs, the peat becomes preserved this in-turn can be studied due to how well preserved peat bogs remain through-time. The principle of palaeoclimatology is the study of climatic changes on Earth, in regards to the Earth’s history as a whole. Palaeoclimatology can be used through many various proxy methods to obtain data preserved within; sediments, rocks, tree rings, Peat and testate amoebae. Aims The aims of the multi-proxy investigation into Holcroft Moss were to; To investigate recent climate change To study the level of extent anthropogenic features have impacted on the surrounding environment Hutton and Lyell described the term, Uniformitarianism, as â€Å"the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe†. This can be applied to peat and allows for nearly modern day accuracy on analysed data due to the rule of uniformitarianism and its role in throughout nature. Study Site Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, is located 10 miles west from the City of Manchester and is found just south of a major motorway the M62 (Figure 1).      The site itself is a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1991 (Natural England, 1991). Managed and owned by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of Natural England. It is essential to best preserve this site as much as possible, due to this Cheshire Wildlife Trust have added wildlife such as cattle and sheep to constantly maintain the arena through grazing whilst also actively clearing trees and shrubbery to maintain the water table to a stable level (Cheshire Biodiversity, 2008). It is crucial that the site is kept waterlogged to varying degrees as this helps contain levels of carbon within the site and the carbon does not leech out into the surrounding environment. Correct preservation of carbon within the peat bog itself permits for an analyses that still abides by the law of uniformitarianism, allowing for good data to be collected with regards to previous climatic activity. Holcroft Moss has been studied since the 1960s in order to better understand past climatic changes, this was first done through the study of pollen within the site but through scientific advances and-time many of these first case studies have been discredited because these early techniques are not up to the standards of modern day, technological quality and methods. The information from data collected during the 1960s and 1970s is not as reliable as more recent studies. Figure 1; The location of Holcroft Moss (University of Edinburgh, 2013)( ©Ordnance Survey). Methodology Four data sets where collected to then in turn be analysed. Pollen preps where done for students upon for the interpretation of data. Standard procedures were followed for the laboratory preparation and analyses of pollen, Humification, plant macrofossils and XRF samples (Moore et al 1991, Blackford Chambers, 1993) where followed. Results   Core Description: Depth of core (cm) Description 0 4 Light Brown (0 – 1cm) Dark Brown (1 – 2cm) Light Brown (2 – 4cm) Small amounts of organic material 4 22 Darker than previous sample (0 4cm) (Very dark brown) High amounts of organic material 22 42 Organic material present Light brown 42 58 Very dark brown Some organic material 58 – 72 Very dark Brown almost black in colour Some sections are light brown. Very little organic material 72 80 Black peat with sections of medium brown dense in organic material 80 – 95 Black No/little organic material 95 – 100 Black No organic material dense Table 1; Description of 100cm core from LJMU taken in October 2014 from Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. Table 1 shows eight sections within a 100m core taken from Holcroft moss in October 2014. These eight sections where divided by the group and studied for their various different characteristics. These eight sections show with in them, transitional phases inherent to the peat bog. The light brown layers indicate poorly humified peat showing, a wetter, cooler climatic shift indicating a time with more precipitation. The darker brown areas and black parts within the 100m core show a warmer climate with less precipitation and possible influences from another source around the environment of the peat bog. Pollen Analysis Figure 2; Pollen Diagram for Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. The pollen diagram has a radiocarbon date at 50cm depth and the pollen results can be used to determine an age for the upper part of the profile. Pollen studied has been expressed showing the percentage (%) of total land pollen. The pollen analysis is split into five zones (HOL- 1-5) and percentage of tree, shrubs and herbs is represented throughout these zones which can also indicated the type of climatic environment the peat bog inhabited. Different zones at Holcroft Moss, Cheshire. Comparing averages of tree, shrub, herbs and spore species throughout that period. Depth (cm) Zone Pollen name(s) Avg % Additional information. 0 – 15 HOL-5 Betula (Birch) Poaceae (Grass family) à ¢- ª 30 à ¢- ª 53 Betula (Birch) will colonise dry bog areas and areas around a dry bog. Poaceae (Grass) is likely to be derived from both local and regional sources. Hol-5 shows a dry climate. 15 – 35 HOL-4 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Ericaceae (Heather family) à ¢- ª 24 à ¢- ª 30 à ¢- ª 30 Sphagnum (Bog Moss) often arises on wet areas of a bog. As stated above Poaceae can be derived from both local and regional sources. Additionally, the introduction of Ericaceae (Heather family) Found locally. Hol-4 shows a wetter climate. 35 – 60 HOL-3 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Ericaceae (Heather Family) à ¢- ª 22 à ¢- ª 18 à ¢- ª 24 à ¢- ª 16 Hol-3 shows a climate similar to Hol-4, with the introduction of Cyperaceae (Sedge family) a herb which is found extra-local or regional. 60 – 80 HOL-2 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Ericaceae (Heather family) Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) Ainus Glutinosa (Alder) Quercus (Oak) Betula (Birch) à ¢- ª 25 à ¢- ª 25.5 à ¢- ª 17.5 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª16 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª10.5 In comparison to Hol-3 the climatic conditions are similar but probably slightly warmer, due to the same average percentage of Sphagnum which represents a wetter climate. However, Hol-2 shows an introduction of many various tress. Herbs, spores and shrubs, many regional or extra local such as; Oak, birch, Alder and Hazel. And also Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) a peat land shrub which grows in drier parts of a bog at only a 9 % average throughout, representing a slightly warmer climate. 80 – 105 HOL-1 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) Ericaceae (Heather Family) Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) Ainus Glutinosa (Alder) Quercus (Oak) Betula (Birch) à ¢- ª 45 à ¢- ª 5 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 20 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 11 à ¢- ª 17 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 14 Hol-1 shows a very wet climate with Sphagnum (bog moss) having an average of 45% in comparison to the other four zones which are found at only half the amount of sphagnum. Many regional and extra local pollen spores are found and Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) has increased slightly showing a possible change in climate. Testate Amoebae Analysis Figure 3; Testate amoebae ordered left to right according to depth of water table for Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. Figure 3 shows the levels of depth 0-100cm where different Testate Amoebae are located. Throughout a 100cm peat core taken from Holcroft Moss, Cheshire in October 2014. A high number of Cyclopyxis Arcelloides are found at depths from 0-10cm after this depth hardly any trace is found of Cyclopyxis Arcelloides. Hyalosphenia Subflava associated with a drier climate and a lower water table spikes throughout 15 -25cm. This species decreases from 25-30cm where Arcella Discoides competes and is frequently found in percentage (20-80%) throughout the depths of 25-85cm. Hyalosphenia Subflava reoccurs after 20-25cm and is the dominate species of testate amoebae found throughout 30-50cm, 55-60cm and from 75-100cm. Other testate amoebae which can be found throughout 30-75 cm are; Assunlina Muscorum, assulina seminulum, archeralla flavum and archerella wrightianum in varying amounts all competing with each other, some of these Testate Amoebae are more suited to the conditions of a wetter higher water table such as; Archerella Flavum however, others at the depth of 35-70cm prefer a drier low water table, such as; Assunlina Muscorum. Many of these species reduce in percentage after a depth of 75cm for Hyalosphenia Subflava to become the dominate testate amoebae species found in Holcroft Moss which indicates a drier climate with a lower water table. Humification Data Figure 4; Humification data. Annotated showing varying levels of light transmission. Taken from 100m core, Holcroft moss, Cheshire. October 2014. Figure 4 shows different climatic periods. These are taken from the Humification data which analyses levels of light transmission going through a sample. Throughout the 100m core taken. The data was analysed and collectively put together to be interpreted. The data shows different climates variants throughout time the 100cm peat sample had been accumulating. At lower depths the sample represents a wetter climate, then throughout the middle it indicates a drier climate to then go back into a wetter climate throughout the top 20cm. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Figure 5; XRF analysis for lead (Pb) concentration in parts per million (PPM) showing down core trends. Annotated showing radio carbon dates. Holcroft Moss, Cheshire. October 2014. Figure 5 shows low levels of lead (Pb) within peat. From 1880 AD and earlier, there are only minor amounts of Pb found within the depths of 30-100cm. However at 30-0cm the peat shows a much higher concentration of Pb this is around the time of 1880 AD (the industrial revolution). After this time Pb concentration found within Holcroft moss increases up to 800+ PPM for 92 years (1972) after this Pb concentration declines into 200 PPM for current day. Discussion To further understand the palaeoclimatic reconstruction from the peat bog located at Holcroft Moss, the proxy data is combined, and considered from all the proxies data studied. This allows for a clearer, more incise data set shown rather than a singular proxy was only studied like in the 1970s (Barber, 2009). Data from the multi-proxy study into Holcroft Moss and the past climatic changes throughout a 100cm core taken shows representative evidences which allows for the correct interpretation of these data sets to allow for a better evidence in understanding past climatic changes. For example, figure 3 and 4 give insight into corresponding wet and dry climatic shifts, this is shown through testate Amoebae species and through the Humification of peat samples from Holcroft Moss. Wet and Cool Climatic shifts. To correctly analyses wet and cool climatic shifts Humification data (figure 4) allows for the interpretation of light transmission. Throughout this data set there are indications to a wetter climate with more precipitation throughout the poorly humified peat this is found throughout 0cm-18cm and also from 80-105cm. Poorly Humfied peat suggest a cooler climate due to the high levels of light transmission found throughout these areas of the sample taken, this also indicates more precipitation at the time (Chiverrell, 2001). When comparing Humification data to the Testate Amoebae study (figure 3) it shows two periods where a wet, cooler climate is found, indicated due to the types of species found within the testate amoebae 100cm core taken. When analysed there are small shifts between 20-25cm, with a change in species throughout 35-85cm, the dominant testate amoebae being Archerella Flavum which represents a higher water table and that of an environment which has more precipitation, indicating a wet and cool climatic shift. Dry and Warm Climatic Shifts. When comparing Humification (figure 4) data to testate amoebae (figure 3) data to analyses periods of warmer climates it is evident that throughout 20-85cm the climate was a wetter cooler climate with high levels of precipitation. However, between 5-20cm and 85-100cm the dominant species is Hyalosphenia Subflava. The species reoccurs from depths at 5-20, 30-50, 55-60, 70-85, 90 and 100cm the presence of Hyalosphenia Subflava would indicate a dry, warmer climate. However, when compared to Humification data, some of these dry shift are not shown, this may be due to the fact Humification data may not show subtle changes in an environment whereas a living organising depends on certain characteristics within the environment which show some subtle changes in climate that Humification data could not determine correctly. The data from Humification may show altering data presenting longer wetter phase in climate but when compared to Testate Amoebae data the evidences sometimes shows the oppos ite indicating a dry warm climatic shift, these errors are found usually found with in a transition period in the climate, this may be why data is interpreted different due to the reason variables within the peat are changing. Human Impacts The best evidence within the study of multi-proxies to test on how much involvement anthropogenic features have within the environment of the peat bog is found within the XRF data. the evidences shows lead (Pb) in PPM within peat at Holcroft Moss (1280 AD and earlier – to present day). From 1280 AD the presence of Pb was hardly an influence within the peat bog, this changed from 1880 AD onwards, which was due to the introduction of lead within the environment. Pb in PPM throughout the Holcroft Moss sample constantly rises for 92 years, to then decrease (1972 AD) However, these levels are still high concentrations of PB and are found at (200+ PPM). From 1880 -1972 AD lead constantly rises and this would coincide with the industrial revolution, which includes the introduction of engines which used lead, this input from human based activities towards the environment is clearly shown in the XRF data and the Pb percentage drops in the 1980’s which coincides with the replacement of leaded petrol to unleaded petrol, it is more than likely that the use of automobiles, especially with Holcroft Moss being located so close to the M62 had an influence on Pb input throughout the time of 1880-1972AD and still continues to this day. Conclusion The Multi-proxy study of palaeoclimatic changes within the Earth through data sets taken from Holcroft Moss allow for a reconstruction of previous climates at that time this peat was accumulating. Holcroft Moss, Cheshire is a site of special scientific interest (SSSI) as the site allows for multiple outputs of data, which can in turn be used for an approach of how aspects within the accumulation of peat have changed through-time. Peat bogs do not rely on outside factors to influence growth and production of peat. The system is sustainable and constant, with the only variable changing its characteristics being climate and the input of regional/extra local inputs, natural or anthropogenic. Due to this, outside factors influencing or affecting the area have a minor effect of the full development of a peat but can still be measured precisely showing a clear and accurate reconstruction of past environments and climates. References Aaby, B., 1976. Cyclic climatic variations in climate over the past 5500 years reflected in raised bogs. Nature 263, 281–284 Barber, K. E. et al. 2000. Replicated proxy-climate signals over the last 2000 yr from two distant UK peat bogs: new evidence for regional palaeoclimate telecommunications. Quaternary Science Reviews. Volume 19. pp. 481-487. Blackford, J.J. and Chambers, F.M. (1993). Determining the degree of peat decomposition for peat-based palaeoclimatic studies. International Peat Journal 5, 7-24. Barber, P. (2009). Peat stratigraphy and climate change. Quaternary International, [online] Quaternary International 268(2012) 1–8. Available at: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/peripheral-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/7AC7018960094F5290E62B8298DCABE4/keb_biography_qi_2012_editorial.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015]. Chiverrell, R. C. 2001. A proxy record of late Holocene climate change from May Moss, northeast England. Journal of Quaternary Science. Volume 16. pp. 9-29. Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. Collinson, M.E. (1991). Pollen Analysis, Blackwell, Oxford. Websites Natural England, (1991). Holcroft Moss. [online] Available at: http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006461.pdf [Accessed 16 Jan. 2015].

Communication within groups Essay -- essays research papers

There are many different kinds of groups that exist between college students that deal with communication they range from sports teams to many community or social groups. The type of organizations that are mostly found in many colleges today are Greek letter organizations. In this paper I will exploring communication within the realm of sororities. First, I am going to start with the history of Sororities, then I am going to write about how important it communication is during what sororities call the pledge process. Furthermore I am going to tell about the different things that sororities have, such as the symbols, colors and different things that may deal with communication. Even though all sororities have different representations for their symbols and colors, they all have them and they mean certain things. Before sororities came about they only had fraternities which dated back the colonial times then later in the mid 19th century so rorities came about due to the decrease in popularity (Encarta). During that period, colleges focused almost exclusively on teaching the classics (Greek and Latin literature) and promoting religious piety, rather than liberal arts (science, history, and literature) or applications of learning such as engineering and agriculture. In response, students created their own outlets to debate the intellectual and political ideas of their time. The early debating societies took on names that reflected classical thinkers or ideas( Encarta). Until the 20th century, most fraternities and sororities excluded African American students. The movement to create organizations for African American students began in 1906 with the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity at Cornell University. Two years later, the first sorority for African American women, Alpha Kappa Alpha, was established at Howard University. Members of African American Greek-letter organizations sought to help other black students develop to the... ...e so they have what we have to say. Back then it was a way of saying their pain so they wouldn’t get in trouble. They couldn’t’ say anything negative so it was a kind of a code that they had used( www.dailybruin.ucla.edu).† In conclusion sororities like other groups have communication which is important for them to survive. Throught communication sororities are able to continue the legacy and reaffirm the goals set forth by their founders, as well as help the organization to grow. In this paper I have talked about sororities history of how they started and also the things that they do as forms of communication in order to survive in the group. "Fraternities and Sororities," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2004 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved Values and Organizations. Chicago: Rand Mcnally & Company, 1965. 92-93. Top of Form 3 Bottom of Form 3 Top of Form 4 Bottom of Form 4

Accounting Information System and Special Journals

The principle of internal control violation is separation of duties. The person that records the incoming cash receipts should not be the same person that is posting the customer payments to their accounts. My recommendation to the business would be that they have one person recording the Incoming cash receipts, and they should assign another employee to take over posting the customer payments to the right accounts.This will ensure that payments will get posted to the right accounts, and reduce errors. 2. The principle of Internal control violation Is establishment of responsibility. Jeff is the custodian of the petty cash fund, and he should be the only one responsible for that petty cash fund. My recommendation for the company would be for another petty cash fund to be established for Jose when he Is needed to fill In as custodian. This will ensure that If something should happen with that petty cash fund, Jeff will not be held responsible for Joke's mistakes.Therefore, If Jose mak es a mistake as custodian of his own petty cash fund, he will be the one held responsible. 3. The principle of internal control violation is applying technological not a good for a company to store everything in the same place. My recommendation would be for the company to have all the records backed up at night as usual, and request Nadine to take the tape home with her every night. That way is something disastrous happened overnight she is able to recover all accounts with the backup tape she has taken home. The principle of internal control violation is performing regular and independent reviews. A regular and independent review should always be done whether an employee is or not meeting all Job requirements to satisfactory. My recommendation is for the manager's to immediately start regular and independent reviews. This will ensure that all employees will continue to do their Job effective and efficiently at all times. 5. The principle of internal control violation is to insure assets and bond key employees.

chris torres life essays

chris torres life essays This Page contains certain events in my life that have changed me or that have affect my Life ~ Im Still here to fight the World that Tryz 2 Bring me Down~ I kno I Shouldnt even Write This But Wut the Hell Il call it my Autobiography that I will continue as time goez on.. For All the H8Erz Who Get DER Info From The Grape Vine REAd This If u Wanna Know Wuzup Instead of getting Shit all FuckEd up n Trying 2 Talk shit bout me ~Watch me live my heart writin words from my soul in blood~ This life story started on January 10, 1987 I was born to two young parents Eric age 17 Deanna age 16, Since Birth I was a statistic a baby boy born to two teen parents. The Statistics showed that my life would hold challenges for me. At the age 5 I was diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia - most common type of leukemia in children under age 10. It was a cancer of the white blood cells, the cells in the body that normally fight infections. Having to Deal with this at a young age put a burden on me. To make the situation worse my parents decided to give up full custody of me that meant adoption, My grandparents took me in a small child with hope and dreams of a better day. It was weird for me because as soon as the adoption took place my father left to Louisianan And my mom lived down the Street from my grandparents. When I was older my parents started to come back into mylife.It has taken me so many years to become a member of their new families. I understand as a young man now that their actions benefited me. It has even more difficult having affiliations with family members who are part of La Eme. Im only 16,and yet I have seen it all from death and hard times to good times. I see my life as a road of challenges and I continue to struggle. Recently I have had to deal with socialistic Bullshit. To the people who hate on me You Dont Know me or my life story so dont judge me Thats for Go...

China Overpopulation Research Paper Example

China Overpopulation Research Paper Example China Overpopulation Paper China Overpopulation Paper Taking into consideration Chinas robust economic growth over the last 20-25 years, there is little reservation that Chinas has had positive impacts on the economy. Because of the increase of the Gross Domestic Product (GAP), China has saved over 400 million people from definite poverty between the years 1979 to 2005 (The State Environmental Protection Administration, 2007). Despite this economic growth in arbitration and industrialization, there have arisen major concerns about the impact this economic growth and the over population has place on the environment. Over population in China have place large demands on sustainability such as water and air pollution, land degradation, and natural resources. In this assignment, the team will explore issues on environmental implications, the degradation Of land and resources, pollution, and the detrimental living conditions in China. Furthermore, we will explore possible solutions such as one-child policies, tax implementations for such violations, birth control, and birth reduction methods. Chinas overpopulation Overpopulation is understood as a situation in which the number of occupants in a specified area exceeds the ability the area can provide. China is a large population taking up roughly seven percent of the earths land mass with close to 25% of the worlds population. According to U. S. Census Bureau (201 1) China has more citizens than any other nation, China in first place with 1. 33 billion people, India second with 1. 14 billion people, and third the United States with 303 million people, (World Population Summary). Chinas legal working age to start is at around 15 years and lasts up to and about 64 years of age. Possessing a large population and a lengthy working age allows Chinas economy to capitalize on work efficiency. Chinas overpopulation is a resource to its economic gains by providing mass production at a low cost to business around the globe. Overpopulation has led china to seek different approaches when using its resources for food and water to feed its emergent population. Chinas population crisis is a situation that if not dealt with properly could lead to a serious problem affecting other nations. Issues from Chinas Overpopulation China faces a serious issue with overpopulation growth at an expedited speed. Due the extreme number factories caused by business and mass reduction it has caused serious pollution damage to the atmosphere above china and its surroundings. Another factor in the pollution problems facing China is the amount of unclean emission from various methods of transportation used by its people in day to day life. Large landfills and costal shores being used as dump sites by china and the importation of toxic from other countries has lead to serious pollution damage into the environment and the quality of air has becomes detrimental to the Pl health. Chinas alternate methods of resources for food and water hail caused damage to the earths natural resources by using an express f growing crops by using unhealthy and harmful fertilizers and pests( Using unhealthy fertilizers and pesticides along with a lack of proper c its environment has led to bad soil and bug infestations. Even with Chi efficient working class the nations overpopulation exceeds the avail resources of employment for its citizens. Lack of job availability is a lei cause to homelessness, starvation, and poverty. When a large enough amount of citizens are continuing to be denied a way to sun. vive then t element of crime becomes a factor that is added into society. Chinas population if properly regulated and sustained could be a possibility t become the worlds leading nation. Fall (2008) The ability of the Chine people to cope with overpopulation is admirable, but it is clear that the problem will block or handicap development and modernization effort decades to come. Chinas overpopulation problem is a warning to 70th developing countries that neglect family planning. Resolutions in Consideration China has very strict and enforced population control policies. There been a one child per family policy that restricts families to only one chi order to maintain the population levels. An example of a consequent following the population control policies is but not limited to a taxation to 50% of the income received by that family. Other consequences cool unemployment or denial of government support. Even with strict polio. Chinas government offers assistance at little to nothing cost to its citizen The largest assistance provided is birth control and various other contraceptives. In efforts to cut down on pollution to the environment is advancing their efforts in more economically safer methods of transportation. If china can continue to advance their efforts in pull, intro and environmental impact they can provide a healthier way of its citizens.

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Reaction paper - Essay Example Thereafter, each of them goes their separate ways to attend to their tasks at home or in their offices. Competition causes individuals even in the seminary to think of themselves first in their social and academic endeavors. It takes discipline and effort to think as a team and foster a healthy give and take attitude. Chapter 9 of Bacher and Copper-White book, â€Å"Ministry Teams: Teeming with Talent,† throws some light on how to be involved as a team, specifically in a church scenario. According to Bacher and White a team â€Å"is not a church term...and a community that gathers for worship is not a team either.† A team is composed of a group of people that work together to accomplish goals that cannot be done by a single individual. In a church environment, there are various departments called ministries and each ministry has its own team - teams which can help build up the church and its ministries. In order for the team to be productive and successful, it is essential that each individual realize that to be part of a team, one should know how to develop trust, encourage open communications with one another, and be responsible for one self and the members know how to care for each other. This is because even the absence of one member can have a debilitating effect on the rest of the team. A team has some basic values. Broadly, these values are based on confidence and trust in each other. And based on this confidence and trust, each member of the team performs a distinct function. We may have intellectuals and talented people in our team, but without these values, it is not possible for the team to last. The individuals in the team are interdependent. No individual can be greater than the team. An individual may feel that the team cannot do with him. While this feeling is healthy, it does the individual no good if he is puffed up because of this feeling. Normally, a healthy team always has some replacement facilities. Also quite often, one may think that it

Clay Shirky - Wiki exam (group) vs Traditional exam (individual) Essay

Clay Shirky - Wiki exam (group) vs Traditional exam (individual) - Essay Example For example, each student will try to work his or her problem individually, not as a group. While 15 students can be arranged into a group of 2 individuals per unit and faster solutions will be achieved as each pair will tackle a certain procedure (issue) as one. Clay views that as the group grows it gets considerably worse as the group could sit around discussing the possible choices of all day, with no guarantee you will get to an agreement at all. With every one selling his or her interest, these complexities have nothing to do with classmates or friendship specifically; they are the response to the grim logic of group complexity. As the class grows it becomes difficult for a student to interact directly with everyone from their teachers and other students. If maintaining the connection between two students takes effort, then managing a bigger population becomes unattainable. This phenomenon even in situations, people may clink glasses during a toast, in a small group can touch gl asses to everyone (Berman 279).. The college should embrace the wiki project because it is kind of an organization where different aspects need to be matched from the students activates such doing exams, assignments, and the tutors with support of the entire staff in the institution. For example, they may need to call a meeting of the students or staff to convey a message. This form of communication may come from the academic chair or workers representative this does not mean everyone has to shout to give the information it must pass in a simplified channel such as school representative from the student and the staff leaders in different sections. Therefore, running a college as itself may be difficult, to achieve the aimed goal such as academic excellence. Every daily activity in the college requires recourses from human resource to financial resources to meet the required objective of the institution. As a result, no institution can put all it energies in pursuing a mission. It sh ould utilize considerable efforts on maintaining discipline and structure, simply to keep itself viable. Therefore, self management of the college becomes a priority while staged goal is relegated to number two or lower, no matter what the mission statement says. The problem inherent in managing these transaction cost are one of the basic constrains shaping institutions of all kinds. Therefore, the more students are involved in a task, the more potential misunderstanding and arguments in a class will be experienced. New tools of managing students can be used in classrooms with bigger numbers for effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning, for example, allocating identity groups in a classroom with different names of about five members in a group to share assignments and class work. This will make work easier for tutors to communicate and assign class works without having to communicate to everyone in the lecture room. Critiques of the theory Conflicting perspective of MOO Cs to divide education communities Elite institutions in the Academy, primarily leading United States universities are widely engaging enthusiastically in MOOCS by lending brand, content, funds, staff and policy, but it is not applicable for the minority as it prevents a conspicuous literature. Small institutions have not engaged in MOOCS because it complex for them, and those who have tried have sounded an alarm over it