Monday, December 30, 2019

Leonardo Da Vinci And The Last Supper - 752 Words

Matthew Greiner Artist Project 8/2/15 Leonardo Da Vinci is most famous for the Mona Lisa and his countless inventions. He was many things, an inventor, an artist and a scientist. Here, we are going to mostly talk about his artist side(Although, personally i would rather write about his inventor side) His two most commonly known paintings were â€Å"Mona Lisa† and â€Å"The Last Supper†. Two wonderful pieces of art by an amazing artist. he was born on April 15 1452 in Vinci, Italy, died May 2 1519. He heavily influenced the renaissance era and is still influencing us today. At an early age, Leonardo da Vinci moved to Florence, where he apprenticed with the painter and sculptor Verrochio. Da Vinci’s brilliance was obvious even at this early stage in his life. He often experimented with different artistic forms and techniques. Being surrounded by Italian art, he often used oils in his paintings . His work sparked a new style of art in Italy. In 1481, at the age of 30, da Vinci moved to Milan to work for the Duke of Milan. Although relatively few of da Vinci’s paintings and sculptures survive, two of his extant works are among the world’s most well-known and admired paintings. The first is da Vinci’s â€Å"The Last Supper,† painted during his time in Milan, from about 1495 to 1498. A oil mural on plaster, â€Å"The Last Supper† was created for the city’s Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Also known as â€Å"The Cenacle,† this work measures about 15 by 29 feet and is the artist’s only survi vingShow MoreRelatedThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Last Supper Wendy Guindi Azusa Pacific University, University College The Last Supper Leonardo Da Vinci was born in April 15, 1452, Vinci, Italy and died May 2, 1519 at the age of 67 in Amboise, Kingdom of France. He was being called as a father of paleontology that is considered one of the greatest artists of all times. â€Å"He was well known for diverse fields of the arts, paintings, sculpting, architecture, music, mathematics, engineering, literature and many more.† (Leonardo artistRead MoreThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci1938 Words   |  8 Pages Leonardo da Vinci Tony Warren Globe University Introduction Leonardo da Vinci is best known for his painting of the Last Supper (Figure 1) and most noted as an artist but is also known as an architect, inventor and chronicler of science. The Last Supper painting depicts Jesus hosting his last supper with his disciples before he is crucified and this painting can be found in many churches and homes across the world. This is also a symbol of Communion or Eucharist as Jesus performedRead MoreThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe Last Supper by leonardo da vinci, This is a significant piece of italian high renaissance artwork (This artwork is known as the first high renaissance aesthetics) and is still known as one of the best works of christian art. This scene by leonardo depicts the last days of jesus christ on earth. In the gospel of John 13:21 it states â€Å"Verily I say unto you: one of you will betray me†. Though this artwork may look like a strong biblical depiction on first take. It is a much more co mplex piece ofRead MoreThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci1383 Words   |  6 Pagesstill remember today and honor for their expertise. These individuals were the forefront of the Renaissance and change in the European society. Leonardo Da Vinci, also named Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, was one of the most famous of these Artists at this time, composing multiple pieces of art such as â€Å"The Last Supper.† â€Å"The Last Supper† by Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the most reproduced, fascinating, and elegant paintings from the Renaissance. The original painting is 15 by 29 feet, but most reproductionsRead MoreThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci875 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Last Supper,† by Leonardo da Vinci, is a mural painting created during the Italian High Renaissance movement in the Santa Maria delle Grazie monastery. Leonardo da Vinci is a world renowned artist who is also known for his other painting the â€Å"Mona Lisa†. Additionally, he was a prolific inventor that created things that were well before his time; such as, blue prints for a helicopter and parachute. â€Å"The Last Supper† is one of the most famous works of Christian art and it displays the moment JesusRead MoreThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci1994 Words   |  8 PagesThe Last Supper is one of the most famous works of Leonardo da Vinci. This work is considered his most ambitious painting, and it is as famous as the portrait of Mona Lisa, the most notable and well-known work of Leonardo. The Last Supper was started in the year 1495 and completed in 1498. This work of art was conceived on the wall of the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy, during the High Renaissance period. The Last Super is a realistic work of art; to make itRead MoreThe Last Supper By Leonardo Da Vinci1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Last Supper â€Å" is very impactful and allegorical artwork. It is painted by Leonardo da Vinci in late 15th century. It is hovered in the refractory of covent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. It was made between 1495 to 1498. Let us describe the painting physically. It is painted on the wall but is not a true fresco because it is not painted on a dry wall while fresco is painted on a wet wall. He applied the double coat of dried plaster on the stone wall and finished it with oil and temperaRead MoreThe Last Supper B y Leonardo Da Vinci Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesBad Company When Leonardo da Vinci painted his famous work, â€Å"The Last Supper†, he prepared himself by making a thorough study of the lives of each of the twelve Apostles as well as the Lord. Then he set out to find real faces to paint as the faces of the thirteen men represented in the painting. As the story goes, he thought finding a face to paint as the face of the Lord would be the most difficult. His goal was to find a man in whose face; he could see love, compassion and kindness. He wantedRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper1658 Words   |  7 Pages Leonardo Da Vinci â€Å"The Last Supper† created in the year of 1495 was a painting from the Renaissance era. This art depicted Jesus and his disciples at the last meal, before the betrayal of Judas and hanging of Jesus on the cross. The objective of this paper is to analyze and critique through artist influence and formal expression. Leonardo Da Vinci the four fathers of art, philosophy and tenacity. Leonardo was the eldest of seventeen siblings a natural artist, who discovered at â€Å"fourteen that heRead MoreThe Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci Analysis1692 Words   |  7 PagesFORMAL ANALISYS: THE LAST SUPPER BY LEONARDO DA VINCI As we all know the Last Supper is the last dinner that Jesus shared with his Apostles before he was betrayed and crucified. Although this theme occurs in many works, The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci is the most famous and has been a subject of many discussions. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most remarkable painters, sculptors, architects and brilliant philosophers of all time. He was born on April 15, 1452 near Vinci but the biggest part

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Lego Marketing Plan - 5478 Words

Letter of Transmittal [pic] 28th May 2011 Ms. Jessy LEGO Group, 28, Jalan Senget, 10350 Kuala Lumpur. Dear Ms. Jessy, Enclosed is a report detailing the preparation steps needed to do before launching the products in the domestic market. As discussed during our meeting, I have also made recommendations tailored specially to your business’s need. The report provides background to the company and industry as well. Benefit and features of the product lines are also briefly explained. The report also provides in-depth analysis on the external environment of the market. Other than that, recommendations on product strategy, promotional strategy, pricing strategy and distribution strategy are included in the report. The information†¦show more content†¦Marketing plan contains of marketing objectives and strategies for segmentation, target markets, positioning, and marketing mix (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p.78). A clear marketing plan will acts as a proposal for the company to achieve goals. Other than that, a clear marketing plan will also achieve competitive advantage in term of cost leadership, and the differentiation of new or existing products and services (Keetch, n.d.). With a marketing plan, the company will know the pricing of the competitors, thus the company will try to reduce the cost of the product and lower the price in order to compete with competitors. Through differentiation strategy, company will distinguish their own products by increasing the quality of the products or making improvement towards the product to gain competitive advantage. The drawback of marketing plan is marketing plan will lead to wrong decision making (Bellis, n.d.). Wrong analysis of the data and wrong interpretation in marketing plan will lead company to a wrong decision making. A wrong decision making will cause company a huge loss in term of monetary and also market share. Moreover, there is insufficient information regarding LEGO in the Malaysian market. Most of the information available refers to the situation or example in the westernShow MoreRelatedNew Trends That Are Becoming Popular As A Marketing Tool2897 Words   |  12 Pagesthe world. If required, extended research can be done on the effect of trends on economy status of countries and forecast of tourism in the future. 2. Trend One 2.1. Trend Description: Social media use by resorts as a marketing tool Advertisement, one of the most crucial marketing strategies for any product, is created to put a unique image, attract, and lead the customers to purchase the product. As there has been an enormous improvement in technology, many companies, including hospitality industryRead MoreE Business : The Origin Of Electronic Business1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthe e-business model into practice, such as supply chain management(SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), E-procurement, E-marketing and so on. Nevertheless, a large number of firms failed in e-business. In this essay, four successful e-business case studies will be discussed to analyze the impact of e-business on different large enterprises, namely DHL, LEGO, Dell and Tesco. DHL CASE STUDY DHL is found in 1969 in San Francisco by three founders, Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and RobertRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1442 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Scan – Lego and Harley Davidson MGT/498 Strategic Management November 14, 2013 Mario Ducret Environmental Scan – Lego and Harley Davidson Internal and external environments are very important for businesses operating globally due to local and external competitions. Healthy businesses must analyze their internal and external environments in their strategy formulation. Strategic planning requires that an organization must initially scan the environmentRead MoreIndividual Case Project #1. . Lego Case. . . Briana Basilone1607 Words   |  7 Pages LEGO CASE Briana Basilone HR Strategy II Due Feb 22, 2017 â€Æ' LEGO started in 1932, when a father and his sons began designing wooden toys. The idea started out very small, but they ended up becoming one of the biggest toy leaders in the world. Although they are a huge success and known globally today, that does not mean they never encountered roadblocks; they actually ran into quite a few, including competitors, lawsuits, and loss of revenue (Bigus, 2011). Like every company, LEGO brandRead MoreLego a Brand Case Study1364 Words   |  6 PagesMedia and Communication, Pune Brand Management Prof. Atul Tandon Lego Case Study Lego – The way the world plays An Introduction: LEGO Lego) is a privately held consumer product company engaged in the manufacture and distribution of a wide range of toys, video games and online games. A powerful and instantly recognized global brand has been a key feature of Lego’s success. Lego has worked hard to establish this brand through a number of routes. TheRead MoreLego Group, Marketing and Operation Management Report Essays3303 Words   |  14 PagesFOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT (PART A) LEGO Group Marketing and Operations Management Report Prepared: For: LEGO Group By: Éva Gaà ¡l On: 17 November 2008 Introduction At the request of the LEGO Company, this report advises the company on the expansion of its operation based on market segmentation, appropriate marketing mix, new product design and development, including total quality management for outsourcing new partners. LEGO Group is the fifth-largest toy manufacturer ofRead MoreLego Essay2182 Words   |  9 Pages | | | | | |[LEGO DUPLO MARKETING REPORT] | |[ Read MoreLego Case3687 Words   |  15 Pagesvarious concepts applied by LEGO as a part of the IMC programme 8 (a) POSITIONING STRATEGY AND POSTIOING TACTICS 8 (b) BRAND NARRATIVES 9 (c) BRAND ENCOUNTERS 10 (d) BRAND COVERSATIONS 12 QUESTION 3. Critical evaluation of LEGO’s post 2004 IMC programme 13 CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 INTRODUCTION The LEGO company corporate brand was created in 1932 and for decades it has acted as a strong umbrella brand guiding LEGO through vase internationalRead MoreThe Lego Group : An Organization Essay2453 Words   |  10 PagesOur Organization: The LEGO Group was founded in 1932 and has come a long way in almost 80 years. With such global success in their brand, it was easy to choose an organization to interview that would provide us with the history and tools for analyzation of compensation plans. Below is the mission statement that can be found on the LEGO website: â€Å"The ambition of this Event Manager role is to upgrade event quality, establish comprehensive event concept, and support to establish event toolbox asRead MoreLego Group3549 Words   |  15 PagesProject definition: LEGO is one of the largest companies in Denmark and a company with a very strong brand. But even so, their economy fell apart in 2003-2004 and we are interested in what they did wrong and what they did to turn their significant loss around to a profit in 2005. So our problem is: What caused LEGOs financial problems in and what did they do to turn it around? This is very relevant, because it shows how even one of the biggest brands in a market can’t afford to relax in any aspect

Friday, December 13, 2019

Didi Holdstock Oscar Nomination Film Studies Essay Free Essays

To: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. This twelvemonth ‘s Best Picture Category nominations should be Steven Spielberg ‘s Jurassic Park. The adventure-filled movie shows narrative transitivity through the continuously progressing, capturing secret plan and the usage of realistic cinematography and station production techniques such as particular effects, wildsound and lighting every bit good as the carefully devised screenplay which displays a subject of scientific discipline versus moralss. We will write a custom essay sample on Didi Holdstock Oscar Nomination Film Studies Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cinematic shootings of Jurassic Park merit to be applauded because of the attentive framing, angle and motion of each shooting in the movie. For illustration, the long shooting of the first visual aspect of the Tyrannosaurus Rex where the camera is placed at oculus degree, as if the spectator is literally some distance from the existent mayhem and the handheld camera moves with the T-Rex, yanking down and up with each, slow measure it takes – demoing the full length and power of the immense dinosaur. In add-on, an illustration of first-class cinematic shootings is Nedry ‘s brush with a Dilophosaurus. The camera cuts through several types of shootings: a low angled long shooting with the camera traveling as the eyes of the dinosaur through the tall grass, an extreme close up, over the shoulder shooting of the dinosaur with Nedry ‘s face in the spread between the flaps of its caput and a low angled medium shooting where the rib coop and external respiration of the dinosaur is highlighted with Nedry ‘s organic structure prevarication in the background. The assortment and specialness of the different shootings in Jurassic Park are exceeding. There is even an aerial shooting as a bull is lifted into the lair of the Velociraptors. In connexion with Nedry ‘s brush with the Dilophosaurus, the importance of coloring material is depicted through his bright xanthous rain coat amongst the green and browns of nature – Spielberg has brightened the scene through coloring material. Throughout the movie, he uses natural, bland colorss. Global, people can do the connexion between nature and escapade in Jurassic Park. This is another illustration of the intelligence of the manager. Furthermore, the lighting pays a cardinal function in the illustriousness of a movie and Jurassic Park is really familiar with this construct. In a specific scene, the kids and Dr. Grant wake up to a picturesque position of many diplodocuses. The subdued lighting of the landscape creates a composure, comforting temper after the on-going pandemonium in the old scenes. Silhouettes are created when Spielberg places the histrions in the lab, with a dorsum visible radiation behind two round Windowss – making deepness to the scene and doing the spectator feel insecure by the out of use visible radiation, adding to the suspense of the scenario. An first-class usage of cardinal lighting is used when a Velociraptor equals through the round window of the kitchen door with the light bright on the left, go forthing merely the right manus side of the dinosaur ‘s face distinguishable. Furthermore, the sound effects in a movie are of equal, if non greater importance to lighting. Both have the ability to alter the temper of the spectator and create pragmatism within the movie. In Jurassic Park, the most distinguished sounds are the dinosaurs booms. Each one holding its alone sound, enabling the spectator to match sounds with specific dinosaurs. Realism is besides created through wildsound, for illustration, the uninterrupted rain in the movie. The non-synchronous sound of Jurassic Park ingeniously alters the temper of the spectator. For illustration, when the characters thirstily try to get away from the Velociraptors, the music is fast-paced and becomes about baleful, doing the spectator anticipate their destiny. Or, another illustration is when Dr. Sattler runs through the jungle in her chase to return power to the park: the music is fast-paced and tense, but when she enters the edifice, the door sweep behind her seting an instantaneous halt to the non-synchronous sound, go forthing merely the sound of her heavy external respiration. The spectator ‘s pulse now has the chance to return to normal. Anticipation, suspense and tenseness are critical in a scientific discipline fiction escapade movie. Not merely are the cinematic techniques superb, but the chosen cast – including the astounding extended dramatis personae of attractively built dinosaurs – proved to be extremely successful in Jurassic Park. Their endowment, as histrions, is esteemed. This is clearly depicted throughout the movie through their natural behavior and facial looks ( as seen in their first brush of dinosaurs where the daze of Dr. Grant and Dr. Sattler is utterly converting. ) Even the kids of Jurassic Park are first-class histrions. In the kitchen scene the kids are forced to expose their best visual aspect of fright and insecurity when they are trapped by Velociraptors. Lex Murphy is perceptibly exceeding at this when she shrieks in fright whilst seeking to shut herself in a compartment of the counter. Good playing is indispensable in a movie to maintain viewing audiences interested and keep a sense of pragmatism. In the instance of Jurassic Park, barely any betterments in moving could be m ade. Further, there are many motives, symbols and subjects viewing audiences may come across in Jurassic Park. Such as John Hammond ‘s imprudency to construct the park because he can afford to, the contention of scientific discipline versus moralss – whether making life which was one time nonextant is morally right and Nedry, the computer-network applied scientist who amorally steals the embryos from the lab after being ‘paid off. ‘ Viewing audiences are left in expectancy of a surprising message when a streamer stating: â€Å" When dinosaurs ruled the Earth † flows over the scene in the dramatis personae ‘s last brush with dinosaurs. Throughout the movie, Spielberg inquiries the moralss of adult male. Hence, Jurassic Park is shooting at its best. Every facet of the movie is illustrated to flawlessness. The cameraman, manager and manufacturer must be extremely commended for their successful scientific discipline fiction escapade movie. It is possible that the subject vocal may still be recognised and enjoyed in the decennaries that follow its release. With the most advanced particular effects and shooting techniques the universe has seen this twelvemonth, Jurassic Park deserves an award every bit elite as that of the Best Picture Category. How to cite Didi Holdstock Oscar Nomination Film Studies Essay, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Enterprise Bargaining under Fair Works Act - 2009

Question: Discuss about the Report for Enterprise Bargaining under Fair Works Act, 2009. Answer: Introduction Employment relations have evolved overtime and have become fairer towards employees. In Australia, the trade unions became visible after the industrial revolution in 1860s and 70s. The transition of various trade and labor acts throughout the 19th century, legalize the collective negotiation for employees so as to negotiate with employers for wages and workplace conditions [1]. Enterprise bargaining is valuable workplace tool which helps in creating flexible enterprises with higher productivity levels. With the increased productivity levels, the workers can earn higher wages and even employers can earn higher profits [2]. The process of collective bargaining and agreement making forms a crucial part of Australian industrial relations. The trade unions were able to gain their rights after the legalization related to collective bargaining and negotiation. Enterprise bargaining agreements were introduced in Australia in 1991 and became popular during 1990s [3]. Before 2009 there was a d emand for new workplace practices for the improvement of the productivity of employees which led to the implementation of the Fair work act. The Fair Work Act in 2009 made the enterprise agreements more simple and flexible. This act aimed at making employment relations simple, safe and more productive. This paper will critically analyze the impact of Fair Work Act 2009 on enterprise bargaining and agreements. This paper provides the detailed overview of Fair Work Act 2009 in regard to enterprise bargaining and its key aspects. This paper also provides the factors provided by the Fair Work Act which have been favorable for enterprise bargaining. This paper highlights the key arguments related to the process of enterprise bargaining. This paper evaluates if there exists a relationship between enterprise bargaining and productivity growth. The new workplace system was being created by Fair Work Act from 1st July 2009, with an aim to increase productivity through enterprise bargaining . About enterprise bargaining and agreements The enterprise bargaining refers to the negotiation between employees and individual organizations regarding wages and workplace conditions. After negotiation, the employers and employees, through trade unions, enter into enterprise agreements. Enterprise bargaining is a process which aims at creating an equitable and fair work culture. The fair work act 2009 replaced the various types of individual workplace agreements with a single agreement known as Enterprise Agreement. This Enterprise agreement is an agreement to which one or more national system employers enter with their employees through collective bargaining [4]. The Act has clearly established the rules and regulations regarding the process of enterprise bargaining. These agreements are related to wages, workplace conditions, and employment terms and could include anything which is lawful. The enterprise agreements usually constitute:- Terms and conditions underlying the relationship between employer and employees. The deductions from wages which are being authorized by the employees. Bray, M., Waring, P. Cooper, R. (2011). Employment Relations: Theory and Practice. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. The date of validity which is usually 4 years from the approval of Fair Work Commission. In case of dispute, the method to be adopted for dispute resolution. These Enterprise agreements can be three types: - Single enterprise agreement, Multi enterprise agreement and Greenfields agreements. The Single enterprise agreement is between single employers and its employees and multi enterprise agreement is made between two or more employers and their employees [5] .The Greenfields agreement is between new enterprise of employer and its employees and it can be single or multi enterprise agreement. These enterprise agreements are preferred by employers as well as employees as they effectively replace awards and are flexible in nature. As per the opinion of corporate, the industry awards were quite complex and it was cumbersome for them to calculate different terms for each and every employee. Thus enterprise agreement is being preferred by employees due to higher wage rates and also being liked by the employer as it is easy and simple to implement. These agreements are being proposed through collective discussion of employers, employees and their bargaining representatives. Once the enterprise agreement is being drafted it is being approved by the Fair Work Commission. The Enterprise agreement cannot include anything which is unlawful in nature such as any term which is in contravention to the protections provisions provided by Fair Work Act 2009. In case of unlawful content it would be rejected by the Fair Work Commission. Bamber, G.,Lansbury, R. D. and Wailes, N. (2010).International Comparative Employment Relations: Globalisation and Change, Fifth Edition. Crow Nest, NSW :Allen Unwin. Enterprise bargaining under the present Fair Work Act 2009 The main objective of Fair Work Act 2009 was to promote productivity as well as fairness by placing emphasis on enterprise bargaining [6]. The Work Choices restricted collective bargaining and limited the enterprise agreements but Fair Work Act recognized the benefits being offered by enterprise bargaining. This act aimed at making employers more responsible towards their employees by encouraging enterprise agreement. This act makes enterprise bargaining and agreements favorable for both employers as well as employees. This enterprise bargaining have led to higher wages as compared to the awards. The enterprise bargaining makes employer flexible and simple to operate which results in increased productivity. Fair Work Act has been developed around collective bargaining and enterprise agreements. The employees have gained in terms of higher wages after the implementation of this act[7]. The employers have realized that they cannot avoid negotiation and enterprise agreements anymore due to strict enforcement of this act. The Arguments which favors enterprise bargaining under present Fair Work Act 2009 can be broadly classified as below:- The act provides one enterprise agreement and it also provides enforceable right to employees for collective bargaining and agreement [8]. On 1st July 2009 all types of existing individual workplace agreements were being replaced by one enterprise agreement. In case employers are ready for enterprise agreement then employees can contact Fair Work commission (FWC). This act has made FWC responsible for handing disputes related to enterprise bargaining. Though the act scraps all statutory individual contracts but an employer and employee can enter into individual flexibility arrangement so as to meet the employees genuine needs. In case employee wants flexible working hours to look after his family, the same can be done through individual flexibility agreement. In case the enterprise agreement has to be withdrawn then employees agreement is required. Employers dont have the power to withdraw from agreement without the agreement of employees. The Act provides rights to both employer and employee to appoint a bargaining representative for negotiations. Thus both the parties can negotiate effectively by appointing representatives. The employers are required to mention the employees covered under enterprise agreement for example they can choose workers. The enterprise agreement is applicable to all categories of employees as mentioned in agreement as they cannot opt out of it. The Act facilitates equality bargaining so as to serve the interests of female employees. With the increased female workforce it is important to have equality bargaining (Baird Williamson, 2009). The act has made the bargaining environment more women friendly. The act provides permit the unions to hold discussion meeting with workers, thus, making it easier for employees to access union for the purpose of collective bargaining.[9] The Fair work Act, 2009, has expanded the scope of enterprise agreement by expanding permitted matters to be included. [10] This Act has encouraged the collective bargaining among low paid employees through the low paid bargaining stream. Historically, these workers never engaged in collective bargaining and enterprise agreement. [11] All the enterprise agreements must be approved by Fair Works Commission. The authority approves this agreement only if: - it does not contain any unlawful term, the employees have genuinely agreed to the same and it meets national employment standards. [12] In order to facilitate bargaining process, Fair Work Australia plays a supervisory role to ensure good faith in collective bargaining. The act lays down the requirements related to good faith bargaining which is required to be followed during the negotiation for the enterprise agreement. These requirements relate to the process of negotiation. [13] FWC provides for Majority Support Determination which provides rights to both employers and employees to start negotiation related to proposed enterprise agreement. In case majority of employees agree to the agreement but employer refuses then FWC can intervene to make Majority Support Determination. [14] The Fair Work Act 2009 have retained the industrial relations safety net and provided the new modern awards to ensure occupational safety. The Act requires the employers to meet the minimum standards as per National Employment Standards so as to ensure employees are in a position to bargain for better work conditions. However, there are certain arguments present under Fair Work Act, 2009 which criticize the process of enterprise bargaining. These criticisms are as below:- Fair Work Act, 2009 has been able to improve the wages of the employees but the act has not led to any improvement in productivity. As per employers the act provides too much power to employees due to which they had been able to negotiate wage increase without any commitment to productivity improvement [15]. As per employer there had been limited scope of enterprise agreement under Fair Work Act 2009 and it does not support clauses for productivity and competitiveness. Fair work act have made the union more powerful due to which employers are not in a position to bargain fairly. The employers fear that their production process may suffer due to the union strike due to which they are not able to negotiate effectively. The review of Fair Work Act 2009 suggests that the act has not been able to make any significant contribution to the decreasing productivity. Rather with the increase in wages has led to increase in cost and have hampered the economic competitiveness [16]. The act does nothing for employees of small businesses and provides no recommendations for same. Thus these employees remain out of enterprise bargaining process. The Fair Work Act 2009 have increased the regulations for employers which makes them difficult to compete economically and reduces the bargaining power of employers. Fair Work Ombudsman The Fair Work Ombudsman is a regulatory body who is concerned with providing advice related to national workforce system and implements laws related to the workplace [17]. The responsibilities of FWO include:- Providing information related to the Australias national workplace relations system. To ensure the compliance of workplace laws and nations standards. To educate people about their work rights and obligations. To develop harmonious and productive workplace relationship. To conduct workplace audits to ensure the compliance of workplace laws. To investigate the complaints related to workplace aspects such as under payment or delayed payment of wages. FWO acts as a workplace regulator which exists to ensure the smooth functioning of business as it addresses the barriers to employment relations [18]. The FWO maintains a strong relationship with trade unions, employers and businesses for effective workplace management. Fair Work commission The Fair Work commission is a workplace relations tribunal which carries out the range of administrative functions to ensure smooth employment relations [19]. The functions of fair work commission include:- Setting of industrial awards, minimum wages and work conditions requirements. Facilitating enterprise bargaining and agreements. It also facilitates good faith in bargaining. Intervening and resolving the industrial disputes. Facilitating and resolving bargaining disputes. Resolving the disputes relating to the enterprise agreements. Disputes relating the protections provided by Fair Work Act 2009. It acts as a workplace authority which facilitates the provisions as mentioned in Fair Work Act 2009. The commission facilitates employees, employers, trade unions and employer associations in enterprise bargaining and enterprise agreement. FWC plays an important role in developing harmonious work relationship between employers and employees. It provides assistance related to issues covered by Fair Works Act, 2009. The Linkage between enterprise bargaining Productivity Growth. The Enterprise bargaining when initially gained popularity in 1990s was seen as a stimulant to the productivity growth. It is a widespread belief that enterprise bargaining has favorable effects on productivity. Even government believed that with the increase in wages the worker would be motivated to work efficiently. However, there was no evidence to prove that the enterprise bargaining increased productivity levels. As per the data from Business Longitudinal study, which studied different firms for three years, it was found that the individual firms having simple production function registered a higher productivity with enterprise agreements in place [20]. Despite these findings, it is very difficult to establish any direct relationship between enterprise bargaining and productivity growth. Numerous economists believe that there is no relationship between enterprise bargaining and productivity growth. Some economists believe that individual contracts increase productivity but it is evidence from New Zealand wherein the system of individual contract hampered the productivity during 1990s [21]. On the Contrary, Western Australia recorded higher labour productivity after it repealed workplace agreements. Thus it can be said that there is no direct relationship exist between enterprise bargaining and productivity growth. Many academicians argue that there is a link between enterprise bargaining and productivity growth, though the research have not been able to establish any relationship. The Fair Work Act 2009 was implemented with an aim to increase productivity and employment fairness through collective bargaining. Though the economists believe there is no relationship between legislation and productivity but there are linkages between industrial deregulation and productivity (McCallum, Moore Edwards, 2012). It is being presumed that lesser the regulations result in higher productivity. Though the Fair Work Act aims at reducing the regulations but still it is being criticized for hampering productivity. The government has received various recommendations to amend Fair Work Act so as to improve productivity. But the fact is productivity is dependent on enterprise bargaining. Australia has multi factor production system which has faced stagnant productivity from last few years [22]. These multiple factors influence productivity and the productivity is being affected by different factors at different times. Hence it is will be unfair to relate productivity to a single factor. Thus it would be unfair to blame Fair Work Act for the movements of productivity. In order to increase productivity following steps can be taken:- The FWA and Fair work Ombudsman should run a campaign to increase awareness about the measures which should be adopted by the businesses to increase productivity. As productivity is dependent on multiple factors hence overall recommendations should be made to improve productivity. The employers should indulge in productivity bargaining by introducing productivity clause in enterprise bargaining. The enterprise bargaining should focus on boosting productivity which will benefit both employees and employers. Conclusion Before 2009 there was a constant demand for fair and equitable employment laws and the Fair Work Act was implemented in order to create fairness in employment relations. Enterprise bargaining is considered to be beneficial for workers and productivity and hence this Act formed to encourage enterprise bargaining. The Fair Work Act 2009 has significantly improved the enterprise bargaining in Australia and led to an increase in wages of workers. This act has been an effective legislation which has improved the overall working conditions of the workers. The act has improved the safety and has provided multiple protections to employees. The act has been appreciated by employers too as it has made the business operations simple and flexible. However, this act is being criticized for hampering productivity as it provides the limited scope for employers to bargain for productivity. It has been established by the researchers that there is no linkage between enterprise bargaining and productiv ity growth. In order to resolve the productivity problem of Australia, alternate steps should be taken. Enterprise bargaining has its own benefits and it has improved the workplace relations in Australia after the implementation Fair Work Act 2016. Bibliography About Us. (2016). Fair Work Commission. 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